German Perfekt, Das Perfekt - Past Tense with Di in German

In this course titled German Perfekt lecture, we will examine Das Perfekt in German.
Perfekt, like Präteritum, means past tense with -di. As you know, past tense sentences describe actions that have been done and finished in the past.



There are certain differences between Perfekt and Präteritum in German; Prateritum is usually used in writing language, used in idioms, in tables, in novels or in stories, Perfekt is used in spoken language, not in works such as novels and stories.

These two times can express all past tenses by place, with the exception of past tense.
For example, they can cover times like "work", "work", "work" but they are not used for "work" or "work".



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German Perfekt

Until today, we have studied the present tense (Präsens) and the past tense (called Prateritum or Imperfect) in German.

As we have seen in our previous lessons, in the time of Präteritum and Präsens,

Präteritum and Präsens Sentence Pattern : OVERVIEW OTHER ITEMS

But for Perfekt (past tense with -di) this order changes. The pattern used in German Perfekt is as follows:

Perfekt Sentence Pattern: SUBJECT HELP FİİL OTHER ELEMENTS ESAS

As you can see, here we have not seen in previous lessons auxiliary verb The concept is emerging. So now let's give some information about auxiliary verbs in German.


Assisted Verbs in German

German Perfekt two auxiliary verbs are used in sentence setup; HABEN and SEIN are auxiliary fillers.
These fillers do not make sense when they are used as auxiliary verbs, so they can not be translated into Turkish. However, these words have their meanings as their original verbs.

When Perfekt is done in German, these acts are used according to the present time (Präsens). (This rule does not confuse your head, we give you additional information, you know enough)
Now let's take these actions according to the current time.

Almancada Haben and Sein Shots

GERMAN HABEN AND SEEN POULTRY
PARTIES the COMM SEA
ben / ich have bin
sen / du have are
o / er / sie / es effect is
we / wir have make
you / ihr habt seidema
they / sie have make
you / Sie have make


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The table above German PerfektThe shooting of the haben and sein helping fingers are given according to the persons.

  • The auxiliary verb will be determined according to the essence of the cümlen, for example, "bin" or "habe" will be used as a cumulative auxiliary verb, whose subject is the first singular person, "ich".
  • The subject will be the second plural person, ie a "habt" or "seid".

It is necessary to attract these auxiliary acts according to the essence, the above table should be memorized, because the sentences made with perfekt are subject-auxiliary verbal compatibility.

The main verb (partizip perfekt) does not change according to the persons, it is the same for all persons (see below). Therefore Perfekt subject-auxiliary verb compatibility vardır.

Since we will use the auxiliary verb in Perfekt then we have two auxiliary verbs, "haben" and "sein", in which case will we use "haben" or "sein"?

Which one will we choose from? What do we choose?
Our answer to these questions is shudder: We determine which auxiliary verb is used in Perfekt by looking at the main verb.

Some verbs are used with haben, some with sein. We decide which auxiliary verb to use by looking at the main verb of the sentence we will construct.



The most commonly used auxiliary verb in Perfekt is "have& Quot; Some of the particularly irregular verbs are "breast"Is used.
You can see in which verb seizure, verb, and verb in the following verb list.
As we have already said, German has a structure that requires intensive grammatical grammaticalization, so you have to memorize which verbs are used, which verbs are used, and which verbs are used.
Here is a small grouping; it is used as the verb "sein" which gives meaning to a change of state or movement (for example, going down from below, going out, going from right to left, or going in any direction on the flat surface).

To see the most commonly used irregular verbs with their meanings, to see which verbs are used and which verbs to use, see the images below. The following pictures show the German verbs.

german perfekt1 German Perfekt, Das Perfekt - Past Tense in German
german perfekt2 German Perfekt, Das Perfekt - Past Tense in German
german perfekt3 German Perfekt, Das Perfekt - Past Tense in GermanIn the above tables, the infinitive form of the verb is included in the first column (far left), in the second column the verb is Partizip Perfekt. Partizip Perfekt of each verb should be memorized. The Turkish equivalent of the verb is given in the third column from the left. In the last column, the auxiliary verb to be used with this verb is shown.

In Perfekt, mostly “haben” auxiliary verb is used, we tried to give almost all of the irregular verbs used with “sein yukarıda above.

Main verse in Almancil Partizip Perfekt

Partizip Perfekt, Perfekt is a special form of verb used when constructing sentences.
At the same time, we will use the Partizp Perfekt state of the verbs while creating the Plusquamperfect time we will see in the future.

Partizip Perfekt is not a state of affair according to the person, it is a state obtained by introducing some additions and it is necessary to memorize the states of Partizip Perfekt in order to make a sentence in Perfekt (past time with -di).

As we have seen in our previous lessons, we were bringing some appendices that changed depending on the person at the root of the verb to establish a sentence in Präsens ie the present time or Präteritum, but this is not the case at that time. Perfekt uses the form of the verb Partizip Perfekt, attachments vary according to the persons.


Partifip Perfekt is found at the very end and does not change according to the persons. When changing the sentences, the main verb (Partizip Perfekt in this name) does not change according to the persons, and there is only one verse for all the individuals.

In fact, Partizip Perfekt is brought to the scene by adding some suffixes, but it is necessary to know the particulars of Partizip Perfekt individually because of the fact that it is not clear what to add, especially in irregular verbs.
But a simple rule for regular verbs can be given, and it is possible to construct the Partizip Perfekt forms of regular verbs by doing this rule.

The Partizip Perfekt of regular actions is derived from the following rule:

German Partizip Perfekt: ge takısı + fiilin kökü + t takısı

Examples:

"lieben"The roots of the verb"liebe"In order to obtain the Partizip Perfekt state of the verb, ge at the end of the root t We add.
I mean: ge lieb t ——>  geliebter (Note: in order to find the root of a verb, the infinitive of that verb is removed, where the infinitive is the verb, so the lieb word remains.)

listen the root of the verb include Stop. In order to obtain the Partizip Perfekt of this verb, ge we add, at the end of the root t We add.
I mean: ge hör t ——->  belongs

Therefore, lieben Partizip Perfekt of the verb geliebter d. listen Partizip perfekt of the verb belongs Stop.
In this way, you can also create Partizip Perfekt cases of regular actions.

As we said before, you can find plenty of exceptions in German grammar. There are a few exceptions that also apply here.
1. Some regular acts do not take geeks to their fronts.
2. It inserts an e letter between t and the root of the verb when adding t tuples to the tuples whose roots are d, t, m, n.
Therefore, the actions entering this group must also be memorized.
As for irregular verbs; Unfortunately, no such rule can be given for irregular verbs. Therefore, each irregular verb, at least the Partizip Perfekt of the most used ones, should be memorized one by one.
Information about the Partizip Perfekt of irregular verbs will be given below.

Let's continue with a few small examples in order to summarize the theme and let Perfekt write the settled sentences.

Perfekt, which means simple sentences established in the past tense:

ich habe gehört: Duydum

ich: Subject (1, singular person)
habe: Auxiliary verb (verb conjugation of haben verb 1)
gehört: the main verb (Partizip Perfekt of the verb hören)
Here we used the auxiliary verb “haben”, because “haben“ is used with the verb “hören ((Memorization).

sie haben gehört: Duydular

sie: Subject (3, plural)
haben: auxiliary verb (verb conjugation of haben verb 3)
gehört: Main verb (Partizip Perfekti of the verb verb)

erk gehört: Duydu

er: Subject (3, individual)
line: auxiliary verb (shots according to the individual 3 of haben verb)
gehört: Main verb (Partizip Perfekti of the verb verb)

ich bin erkrankt: I was ill (I was ill)

ich: Subject (1, singular person)
bin: Auxiliary verb (sein verb with 1.
erkrankt: Main verb (Partizip Perfekti of erkranken verb)
Here we use the verb “sein”, because en sein ”is used with the verb“ early r (Memorization).

sie ist erkrankt: I was sick (sick)

sie: Subject (3, single person)
ist: Auxiliary verb (sein verb xNUMX according to the individual)
erkrankt: Main verb (Partizip Perfekti of erkranken verb)

As can be seen in the simple examples above, Partizip Perfekt (the main verb) does not change according to the person, it remains the same for all persons. The thing that changes according to the person is the auxiliary verb. Partizip Perfekt (main verb) is found at the end of the sentence.
The auxiliary verb comes after the subject, for example it is enough to change the position of the auxiliary verb to make the question.

er hat geört: Heard.
What's wrong? : Did you hear?

du hast gehört: Hear it.
hast du gehört? : Have you heard?

Examples can be given.

Now we have learned the main elements of Perfekt, these are; Sentence order, auxiliary verb and partizip perfekt. Let's write a few example sentences now. There is no difference between regular and irregular verbs in terms of the fiction of the sentence, the only difference is in the formation of Partizip Perfects. We have given the rule for regular verbs above, this rule does not apply to irregular verbs.

So let's give the visuals we have given above again and examine the meanings of the most commonly used irregular verbs, the Partizip Perfects, and the auxiliary verb (sein / haben) to be used one by one:

german perfekt1 German Perfekt, Das Perfekt - Past Tense in German
german perfekt2 German Perfekt, Das Perfekt - Past Tense in German
german perfekt3 German Perfekt, Das Perfekt - Past Tense in GermanIn the above tables, the infinitive form of the verb is included in the first column (far left), in the second column the verb is Partizip Perfekt. Partizip Perfekt of each verb should be memorized. The Turkish equivalent of the verb is given in the third column from the left. In the last column, the auxiliary verb to be used with this verb is shown.



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